{"id":27624,"date":"2024-06-18T13:06:02","date_gmt":"2024-06-18T11:06:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medikoel.com\/svojstva-zraka-u-kosnici\/"},"modified":"2025-08-29T11:58:09","modified_gmt":"2025-08-29T09:58:09","slug":"svojstva-zraka-u-kosnici","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medikoel.com\/hr\/svojstva-zraka-u-kosnici\/","title":{"rendered":"Svojstva zraka u ko\u0161nici"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Apiterapija, izvedena od latinske rije\u010di <em>Apis<\/em> \u0161to zna\u010di medonosna p\u010dela, potpuno je prirodna metoda lije\u010denja pomo\u0107u razli\u010ditih p\u010delinjih proizvoda kao \u0161to su med, propolis, pelud, mati\u010dna mlije\u010d, pa \u010dak i zrak iz ko\u0161nice. Metoda udisanja zraka iz ko\u0161nice, poznata kao inhalacija sadr\u017eaja zraka iz ko\u0161nice ili ApiAir terapija, sve se vi\u0161e koristi kao prirodna alternativa za ubla\u017eavanje razli\u010ditih zdravstvenih tegoba. <strong>Zrak iz ko\u0161nice, njegov sastav i koristi inovacija su u struci i apiterapiji. <\/strong>Provedeno je i objavljeno tek nekoliko studija od kojih je jedno njema\u010dko istra\u017eivanje prof. dr. Karla Speera i Franziske Kuhn s Tehni\u010dkog sveu\u010dili\u0161ta u Dresdenu o zna\u010dajkama zraka iz ko\u0161nice. Sa\u017eeto prikazujemo klju\u010dne to\u010dke istra\u017eivanja koje je predstavila dr. Kristin Recklies na 7. simpoziju apiterapije u Berlinu 2017. godine. Izvorna se prezentacija nalazi na dnu ovog \u010dlanka. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Budu\u0107i da smo u Medikoelu stru\u010dnjaci za apiterapijsku opremu, u \u010dlanak smo dodali korisne poveznice na na\u0161e proizvode za provedbu terapije zrakom iz ko\u0161nice. P\u010delarima i apiterapeutima koji su odu\u0161evljeni iznimnim svojstvima zraka iz ko\u0161nice \u017eelimo osigurati odgovaraju\u0107u opremu za jednostavno i kvalitetno provo\u0111enje inhalacije aerosola iz ko\u0161nice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Svojstva zraka u ko\u0161nici<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ko\u0161nica predstavlja okoli\u0161 s visokom vla\u017eno\u0161\u0107u zraka (70\u201375&nbsp;%) i konstantnom temperaturom od oko 35&nbsp;\u00b0C. P\u010dele krilima stvaraju provjetravanje koje poma\u017ee u \u0161irenju vodene i drugih para i aerosola s aktivnim tvarima cijelom ko\u0161nicom. Ova svojstva ko\u0161nice klju\u010dna su za terapijske u\u010dinke inhalacije zraka iz ko\u0161nice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>O svojstvima zraka iz ko\u0161nice, njegovom sastavu i korisnosti u terapijske svrhe mo\u017eete pro\u010ditati u stru\u010dnom \u010dlanku <a href=\"https:\/\/medikoel.com\/hr\/cestice-zraka-u-kosnici\/\">\u201e\u010cestice zraka u ko\u0161nici\u201c<\/a> autorice Ane Jan\u017eekovi\u010d, mag. in\u017e. preh., savjetnice pri P\u010delarskom savezu Slovenije.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Terapijski u\u010dinci i uporaba inhalacije zraka iz ko\u0161nice<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inhalacija zraka iz ko\u0161nice preporu\u010duje se za mnoge zdravstvene probleme kao \u0161to su bronhitis, astma, glavobolje, migrene, peludna groznica, alergije, neurodermatitis, KOPB (kroni\u010dna opstruktivna plu\u0107na bolest), sinusitis, depresija i poreme\u0107aji spavanja. Korisnici javljaju o zna\u010dajnom pobolj\u0161anju simptoma nakon redovitih terapija \u0161to je potaknulo interes za ovu metodu i u znanstvenim krugovima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Povijest ApiAir terapije<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Po\u010deci ApiAir terapije se\u017eu u 1920. godinu, kada je ruski p\u010delar uo\u010dio pozitivne u\u010dinke zraka iz ko\u0161nice tijekom sezone putuju\u0107eg p\u010delarstva. To je otkrila i obitelj H\u00fcttner te je 1989. godine izgradila prvo lje\u010dili\u0161te gdje su promovirali terapiju sa sloganom \u201eLije\u010dite se udisanjem zraka iz ko\u0161nice\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Tehnologija inhalacije iz ko\u0161nice<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Za inhalaciju zraka iz ko\u0161nice razvijeni su posebni ure\u0111aji koji zrak iz ko\u0161nice crpe kroz crijevo do inhalacijske maske bez ometanja p\u010dela. Takvi ure\u0111aji omogu\u0107uju sigurno i u\u010dinkovito kori\u0161tenje zraka ko\u0161nice u terapijske svrhe. Ti ure\u0111aji uklju\u010duju filtre za uklanjanje peludi i drugih \u010destica, kontrolu protoka zraka i ventil za spre\u010davanje izdisaja zraka natrag u ko\u0161nicu. Terapije u ko\u0161nici provode se u visokoj sezoni aktivnosti p\u010dela odnosno od svibnja do rujna kada je vanjska temperatura vi\u0161a od 18&nbsp;\u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ure\u0111aje za inhalaciju zraka iz ko\u0161nice razvili smo i u Medikoelu: <a href=\"https:\/\/medikoel.com\/hr\/najpopularnije\/inhalacija-aerosola-iz-kosnice-uredajem-api-aerosol-ii\/\">Api Aerosol II<\/a> je najnapredniji model, njegovi prethodnici su <a href=\"https:\/\/medikoel.com\/apiterapija\/inhalacija-aerosola-iz-panja-api-aerosol-i\/\">Api Aerosol I <\/a>i <a href=\"https:\/\/medikoel.com\/hr\/apiterapija-hr\/set-za-inhalaciju-aerosola-api-aerosol-i-plus\/\">Api Aerosol I Plus<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\">Znanstvena istra\u017eivanja i utjecajni \u010dimbenici<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Istra\u017eivanja pokazuju da se zrak iz ko\u0161nice sastoji uglavnom od hlapljivih organskih spojeva (VOC) iz propolisa i voska, uz prisutnost spojeva iz meda. Kvantifikacija sadr\u017eaja odre\u0111enih spojeva kao \u0161to su \u03b1-pinen, benzaldehid, benzilalkohol, metilbenzoat, nonanal i benzojeva kiselina prvi je korak u razumijevanju terapijskih u\u010dinaka zraka ko\u0161nice<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pregled mjernog sustava za VOC-jeve u p\u010delinjacima<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><br><strong>Mjerni sustav<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Istra\u017eivanje obuhva\u0107a uspostavu mjernog sustava za analizu hlapljivih organskih spojeva (VOC) u p\u010delinjacima. Sadr\u017eaj sustava uklju\u010duje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ko\u0161nica s leglom i mednim prostorom<\/strong>: ko\u0161nica je oblikovana prema Langstrothovoj veli\u010dini sa sa\u0107em u hladnoj gradnji.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mjerenja terapijskom poklopcu<\/strong>: kori\u0161tenje terapijskog poklopca vlastite izrade za prikupljanje uzoraka.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dodatni otvori<\/strong>: dodatni otvori izra\u0111uju se u leglu i mednom prostoru koji se brtve teflonskim \u010depovima.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U pokusima je naglasak na zatvorenosti sustava kako bi se sprije\u010dio gubitak ciljnih komponenti i one\u010di\u0161\u0107enje sporednim mirisima. Svi dijelovi sustava, uklju\u010duju\u0107i crijeva i ku\u0107i\u0161ta, izra\u0111eni su od teflona bez mirisa ili bakra. Za kontrolni uzorak koristi se zrak izvan ko\u0161nice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Lokacije istra\u017eivanja<\/strong> i mjerni sustav<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tehni\u010dko sveu\u010dili\u0161te u Dresdenu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0160umski botani\u010dki vrt Tharandt<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mjerni sustav obuhva\u0107a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Uzorkovanje zraka<\/strong> i prikupljanje VOC-jeva.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Analiza VOC-jeva<\/strong> metodom plinske kromatografije-masene spektrometrije (GC-MS).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Obrada podataka<\/strong> dobivenih analizom.<br><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Metode prikupljanja VOC-jeva<\/strong> <strong>(hlapljivih organskih spojeva)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">VOC-jevi su organski spojevi koji mogu brzo ispariti. U medu je poznato vi\u0161e od 600 aromatskih komponenti. Istra\u017eivanje je usmjereno na analizu VOC-jeva u zraku u ko\u0161nici<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pokretna igla SPME: <\/strong>omogu\u0107uje jednostavno i brzo uzorkovanje VOC-jeva izravno iz zraka bez upotrebe otapala.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Needletrap<\/em><\/strong><strong> (NT)<\/strong>: omogu\u0107uje to\u010dno prikupljanje plinovitih uzoraka iz ko\u0161nice bez upotrebe otapala.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Termodesorpcijska (TD) crijeva<\/strong>: kori\u0161tenje termodesorpcijskih crijeva za prikupljanje VOC-jeva.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Za to\u010dnu analizu treba optimizirati sljede\u0107e parametre<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Plinska kromatografija<\/strong> tehnika je analize koja se koristi za odvod, identifikaciju i kvantifikaciju hlapljivih spojeva u plinovitom uzorku.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Uzorkovanje VOC-jeva<\/strong>: postupak prikupljanja i pripreme uzoraka hlapljivih organskih spojeva za analizu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Sastojci u zraku iz ko\u0161nice<\/strong> te<strong> kvantifikacija i u\u010dinci na \u010dovjeka<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zrak iz ko\u0161nice sadr\u017ei uglavnom VOC-jeve iz propolisa i voska, ali i komponente meda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prva kvantifikacija sadr\u017eaja VOC-jeva provodi se \u010detiri puta u ko\u0161nici. Izmjerene koncentracije pojedinih VOC-jeva su:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u03b1-Pinen<\/strong>: 4,57 \u00b11,05&nbsp;ng\/L<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Benzaldehid<\/strong>: 0,90 \u00b10,29&nbsp;ng\/L<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Benzilni alkohol<\/strong>: 0,30 \u00b10,09&nbsp;ng\/L<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Metil benzoat<\/strong>: 0,50 \u00b10,09&nbsp;ng\/L<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nonanal<\/strong>: 0,88 \u00b10,37&nbsp;ng\/L<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Benzojeva kiselina<\/strong>: 1,47 \u00b10,20&nbsp;ng\/L<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ovo istra\u017eivanje pru\u017ea bolje razumijevanje prisutnosti i koli\u010dina VOC-jeva u p\u010delinjacima i njihovih potencijalnih u\u010dinaka na ljude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Zaklju\u010dak<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Istra\u017eivanja pokazuju da inhalacija zraka ko\u0161nice bogatog hlapljivim organskim spojevima iz propolisa, voska i meda ima veliki terapijski potencijal. Mjerni sustavi za analizu u p\u010delinjacima omogu\u0107uju preciznu kvantifikaciju ovih spojeva \u0161to je klju\u010dno za razumijevanje njihovog utjecaja na zdravlje ljudi. Inhalacija zraka iz ko\u0161nice ve\u0107 se koristi za ubla\u017eavanje simptoma kod mnogih zdravstvenih tegoba, ali prepoznavanje ove metode kao slu\u017ebene zdravstvene terapije i dalje je izazov. Daljnjim istra\u017eivanjima i optimizacijom metoda mjerenja ApiAir terapija mogla bi postati va\u017ean dio prirodnog lije\u010denja koji bi podr\u017eavao i zdravstveni sustav. \u010carolija zraka iz ko\u0161nice tako predstavlja novu priliku za lije\u010denje i pobolj\u0161anje kvalitete \u017eivota mnogih ljudi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Izvor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Recklies, K.; Kuhn, F.; Speer, K. (2017.). Karakterizacija sadr\u017eaja zraka u ko\u0161nici. Predavanje na 7. simpoziju apiterapije, Berlin, 18. studenog 2017.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/medikoel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Nemsa-raziskava-Bienenstockluft-2.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Ugra\u0111eno Nemsa-raziskava-Bienenstockluft-2.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-5436d9b4-87b2-4868-a1ad-9d95bf4e0211\" href=\"https:\/\/medikoel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Nemsa-raziskava-Bienenstockluft-2.pdf\">Nemska-raziskava-Bienenstockluft-2<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/medikoel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Nemsa-raziskava-Bienenstockluft-2.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download=\"\" aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-5436d9b4-87b2-4868-a1ad-9d95bf4e0211\">Prijenos<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Apiterapija, izvedena od latinske rije\u010di Apis \u0161to zna\u010di medonosna p\u010dela, potpuno je prirodna metoda lije\u010denja pomo\u0107u razli\u010ditih p\u010delinjih proizvoda kao \u0161to su med, propolis, pelud, mati\u010dna mlije\u010d, pa \u010dak i zrak iz ko\u0161nice. Metoda udisanja zraka iz ko\u0161nice, poznata kao inhalacija sadr\u017eaja zraka iz ko\u0161nice ili ApiAir terapija, sve se vi\u0161e koristi kao prirodna alternativa [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5317,"featured_media":27627,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[519],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apiterapija-blog-hr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Svojstva zraka u ko\u0161nici - Medikoel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Na temelju mjerenja sastava zraka u ko\u0161nicu istra\u017eivanje je dokazalo veliki terapijski potencijal zraka iz ko\u0161nice i prilike za lije\u010denje.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/medikoel.com\/hr\/svojstva-zraka-u-kosnici\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Svojstva zraka u ko\u0161nici - 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